Understanding Macular Degeneration: Types & Symptoms

Eyes are at risk of deteriorating with age, lowering the quality of life when issues are not diagnosed early. One of the most common eye conditions that primarily affects individuals 55 years or older is macular degeneration. In Toronto, ON, and the rest of Canada, approximately 2.5 million people suffer from this condition, and the number continues to increase yearly, making experts believe that globally, about 288 million people will suffer from it by 2040.

Macular degeneration is a progressive eye disease that affects a small part of the retina, responsible for sharp, central vision. This condition makes it difficult for individuals to read, drive, recognize faces, and perform other daily activities. Early detection and management by an eye care specialist are crucial for slowing the progression of the disease.

Dry (Atrophic) Macular Degeneration

Dry or atrophic degeneration occurs when the macula thins over time as part of aging, leading to gradual deterioration of central vision. Symptoms include blurred vision, difficulty seeing in low light, and the appearance of dark or empty spots in the center of the vision. Regular check-ups at the optometry office and lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and protective eyewear, help manage the condition.

Wet (Exudative) Macular Degeneration

Wet or exudative degeneration occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid damage to the macula. The symptoms are sudden loss or distorted vision and dark spots in the central area, requiring immediate treatment to prevent permanent consequences. Treatments may include anti-VEGF injections, laser, and photodynamic therapy.
Location: Toronto, ON, Canada

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